Management Report
Operations and Business Environment
Research and Development As of December 31, 2008, 1,562 people were employed in research and development in the Group (2007: 999). Of that number, 427 were employed at Fresenius Medical Care (2007: 357), 1,019 at Fresenius Kabi (2007: 550), and 116 at Fresenius Biotech (2007: 92). The large increase at Fresenius Kabi is mainly due to the first-time consolidation of APP Pharmaceuticals and Dabur Pharma as of September 1, 2008.
The table shows a historical comparison of R & D expenditure and the number of employees working in R & D:
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |
|
R & D expenses (in million €) |
207* | 184 | 167 | 149 | 133 |
| R & D employees | 1,562 | 999 | 911 | 856 | 819 |
| * |
Excludes amortization of acquired in-process R & D activities of € 272 million from the acquisition of APP Pharmaceuticals |
Our main research sites are in Europe. Production-related research is also carried out in the United States and in China. Our research and development projects are mainly conducted in-house; external research is commissioned only on a limited scale.

